07 March 2024: Clinical Research
Changes in Spectrum of Respiratory Pathogen Infections and Disease Severity Among Children in Hohhot, China: Impact of COVID-19 Prevention Measures
Yan-Zi Gan 1ABCDG* , Peng Yang 2BCD** , Rui Liu 3CE , Yan-Hai Wang 1B , Yu-Wei Hu 1B , Yang Yang 3AEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.942845
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942845
Table 2 Distribution characteristics of clinical symptoms and diseases caused by different respiratory pathogens in cases with single infection.
| Single infection | SARS-CoV-21 | SARS-CoV-22 | S. pneumoniae | H. influenzae | IAV | RSV | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n=236 | n=36 | n=41 | n=13 | n=15 | n=18 | ||
| Fever | 162 (68.64%) | 24 (66.67%) | 32 (78.05%) | 10 (76.92%) | 11 (73.33%) | 11 (61.11%) | ||
| Cough | 92 (38.98%) | 19 (52.78%) | 22 (53.66%) | 5 (38.46%) | 10 (66.67%) | 18 (100.00%) | ||
| Convulsion | 1 (0.42%) | 1 (2.78%) | 14 (34.15%) | 3 (23.08%) | 2 (13.33%) | 1 (5.56%) | ||
| Difficulty breathing | 1 (0.42%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (14.63%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (6.67%) | 5 (27.78%) | ||
| Throat discomfort | 25 (10.59%) | 5 (13.89%) | 3 (7.32%) | 1 (7.69%) | 5 (33.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Vomiting and diarrhea | 13 (5.51%) | 2 (5.56%) | 7 (17.07%) | 3 (23.08%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Runny nose | 8 (3.39%) | 2 (5.56%) | 5 (12.20%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (6.67%) | 1 (5.56%) | ||
| Immune dysfunction | 8 (3.39%) | 2 (5.56%) | 5 (12.20%) | 3 (23.08%) | 3 (20.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Other symptoms | 8 (3.39%) | 3 (8.33%) | 2 (4.88%) | 1 (7.69%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Lobular pneumonia | 66 (27.97%) | 17 (47.22%) | 17 (41.46%) | 3 (23.08%) | 6 (40.00%) | 18 (100.00%) | ||
| URTI | 115 (48.73%) | 16 (44.44%) | 24 (58.54%) | 8 (61.54%) | 8 (53.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Neurological diseases | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 14 (34.15%) | 2 (15.38%) | 2 (13.33%) | 1 (5.56%) | ||
| Digestive system diseases | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (14.63%) | 5 (38.46%) | 2 (13.33%) | 2 (11.11%) | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 1 (0.42%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (9.76%) | 3 (23.08%) | 3 (20.00%) | 4 (22.22%) | ||
| Lobar pneumonia | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.44%) | 1 (7.69%) | 1 (6.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Severe pneumonia | 1 (0.42%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.44%) | 3 (23.08%) | 1 (6.67%) | 3 (16.67%) | ||
| Other diagnosis | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (12.20%) | 3 (23.08%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| n | n=10 | n=10 | n=3 | n=7 | n=1 | 66 | 365 | |
| Fever | 7 (70.00%) | 7 (70.00%) | 3 (100.00%) | 7 (100.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 44 (66.67%) | 258 | |
| Cough | 3 (30.00%) | 6 (60.00%) | 2 (66.67%) | 5 (71.43%) | 1 (100.00%) | 33 (50.00%) | 167 | |
| Convulsion | 2 (20.00%) | 2 (20.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (14.29%) | 0 (0.00%) | 14 (21.21%) | 29 | |
| Difficulty breathing | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (10.00%) | 1 (33.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 10 (15.15%) | 17 | |
| Throat discomfort | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (00.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (9.09%) | 35 | |
| Vomiting and diarrhea | 3 (30.00%) | 1 (10.00%) | 1 (33.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 11 (16.67%) | 32 | |
| Runny nose | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (00.00%) | 1 (33.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (9.09%) | 18 | |
| Immune dysfunction | 3 (30.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (28.57%) | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (12.12%) | 30 | |
| Other symptoms | 1 (10.00%) | 0 (00.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (3.03%) | 17 | |
| Lobular pneumonia | 3 (30.00%) | 7 (70.00%) | 2 (66.67%) | 5 (71.43%) | 1 (100.00%) | 24 (36.36%) | 148 | |
| URTI | 7 (70.00%) | 3 (30.00%) | 1 (33.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 43 (65.15%) | 172 | |
| Neurological diseases | 2 (20.00%) | 2 (20.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (14.29%) | 0 (0.00%) | 14 (21.21%) | 25 | |
| Digestive system diseases | 5 (50.00%) | 1 (10.00%) | 2 (66.67%) | 1 (14.29%) | 0 (0.00%) | 15 (22.73%) | 29 | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 1 (10.00%) | 0 (00.00%) | 1 (33.33%) | 1 (14.29%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (9.09%) | 19 | |
| Lobar pneumonia | 1 (10.00%) | 0 (00.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (28.57%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (4.55%) | 7 | |
| Severe pneumonia | 2 (20.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (33.33%) | 2 (28.57%) | 0 (0.00%) | 9 (13.64%) | 18 | |
| Other diagnosis | 3 (30.00%) | 1 (10.00%) | 1 (33.33%) | 3 (42.86%) | 0 (0.00%) | 15 (22.73%) | 17 | |
| SARS-CoV-2 represents single infection cases in October and November, SARS-CoV-2 represents single infection cases in December, and negative indicates patients diagnosed with a respiratory tract infection but who tested negative for pathogen infection. | ||||||||