07 March 2024: Clinical Research
Changes in Spectrum of Respiratory Pathogen Infections and Disease Severity Among Children in Hohhot, China: Impact of COVID-19 Prevention Measures
Yan-Zi Gan 1ABCDG* , Peng Yang 2BCD** , Rui Liu 3CE , Yan-Hai Wang 1B , Yu-Wei Hu 1B , Yang Yang 3AEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.942845
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942845
Table 3 Distribution characteristics of clinical symptoms and diseases caused by different respiratory pathogens in cases with mixed infection.
| Mixed infection | SARS-CoV-21 | S. pneumoniae | H. influenzae | IAV | RSV | EBV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n=26 | n=97 | n=70 | n=41 | n=34 | n=33 | |
| Fever | 18 (69.23%) | 79 (81.44%) | 56 (80.00%) | 32 (78.05%) | 23 (67.65%) | 21 (63.64%) | |
| Cough | 12 (46.15%) | 70 (72.16%) | 48 (68.57%) | 19 (46.34%) | 34 (100.00%) | 23 (69.70%) | |
| Convulsion | 1 (3.85%) | 15 (15.46%) | 11 (15.71%) | 9 (21.95%) | 2 (5.88%) | 5 (15.15%) | |
| Difficulty breathing | 0 (0.00%) | 12 (12.37%) | 13 (18.57%) | 2 (4.88%) | 14 (41.18%) | 3 (9.09%) | |
| Throat discomfort | 3 (11.54%) | 12 (12.37%) | 5 (7.14%) | 4 (9.76%) | 1 (2.94%) | 4 (12.12%) | |
| Vomiting and diarrhea | 2 (7.69%) | 4 (4.12%) | 4 (5.71%) | 4 (9.76%) | 2 (5.88%) | 1 (3.03%) | |
| Runny nose | 1 (3.85%) | 5 (5.15%) | 1 (1.43%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (9.09%) | |
| Immune dysfunction | 0 (0.00%) | 10 (10.31%) | 5 (7.14%) | 4 (9.76%) | 1 (2.94%) | 3 (9.09%) | |
| Other symptoms | 1 (3.85%) | 6 (6.19%) | 7 (10.00%) | 3 (7.32%) | 1 (2.94%) | 6 (18.18%) | |
| Lobular pneumonia | 10 (38.46%) | 62 (63.92%) | 41 (58.57%) | 17 (41.46%) | 33 (97.06%) | 18 (54.55%) | |
| URTI | 13 (50.00%) | 37 (38.14%) | 25 (35.71%) | 23 (56.10%) | 1 (2.94%) | 15 (45.45%) | |
| Neurological diseases | 0 (0.00%) | 13 (13.40%) | 10 (14.29%) | 9 (21.95%) | 2 (5.88%) | 5 (15.15%) | |
| Digestive system diseases | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (6.19%) | 3 (4.29%) | 3 (7.32%) | 3 (8.82%) | 2 (6.06%) | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 0 (0.00%) | 7 (7.22%) | 8 (11.43%) | 3 (7.32%) | 4 (11.76%) | 2 (6.06%) | |
| Lobar pneumonia | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (6.19%) | 5 (7.14%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.94%) | 2 (6.06%) | |
| Severe pneumonia | 0 (0.00%) | 9 (9.28%) | 11 (15.71%) | 1 (2.44%) | 3 (8.82%) | 7 (21.21%) | |
| Other diagnosis | 0 (0.00%) | 14 (14.43%) | 7 (10.00%) | 1 (2.44%) | 2 (5.88%) | 4 (12.12%) | |
| n | n=32 | n=23 | n=18 | n=7 | n=7 | n=174 | |
| Fever | 28 (87.50%) | 15 (65.22%) | 17 (94.44%) | 7 (100.00%) | 7 (100.00%) | 137 | |
| Cough | 29 (90.63%) | 17 (73.91%) | 15 (83.33%) | 7 (100.00%) | 3 (42.86%) | 121 | |
| Convulsion | 3 (9.38%) | 3 (13.04%) | 1 (5.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (14.29%) | 24 | |
| Difficulty breathing | 2 (6.25%) | 4 (17.39%) | 1 (5.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (14.29%) | 22 | |
| Throat discomfort | 5 (15.63%) | 1 (4.35%) | 1 (5.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 15 | |
| Vomiting and diarrhea | 1 (3.13%) | 5 (21.74%) | 1 (5.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 12 | |
| Runny nose | 3 (9.38%) | 2 (8.70%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 7 | |
| Immune dysfunction | 3 (9.38%) | 1 (4.35%) | 3 (16.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (28.57%) | 16 | |
| Other symptoms | 1 (3.13%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (5.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 11 | |
| Lobular pneumonia | 26 (81.25%) | 16 (69.57%) | 13 (72.22%) | 2 (28.57%) | 3 (42.86%) | 108 | |
| URTI | 7 (21.88%) | 6 (26.09%) | 3 (16.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (57.14%) | 63 | |
| Neurological diseases | 3 (9.38%) | 1 (4.35%) | 1 (5.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (14.29%) | 21 | |
| Digestive system diseases | 1 (3.13%) | 3 (13.04%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 11 | |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 2 (6.25%) | 2 (8.70%) | 3 (16.67%) | 1 (14.29%) | 2 (28.57%) | 15 | |
| Lobar pneumonia | 3 (9.38%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (5.56%) | 4 (57.14%) | 0 (0.00%) | 9 | |
| Severe pneumonia | 3 (9.38%) | 1 (4.35%) | 1 (5.56%) | 3 (42.86%) | 1 (14.29%) | 17 | |
| Other diagnosis | 6 (18.75%) | 3 (13.04%) | 2 (11.11%) | 1 (14.29%) | 1 (14.29%) | 17 | |
| SARS-CoV-2 represents single infection cases in December. | |||||||